Category Archives: interest rates

Interest Rate Monitor: March 2020

For the last 40 years, interest rates have been in decline.  So people can be forgiven when they have the view that the trend is down, it should be down, and if it ever goes up and something goes wrong then the solution must be to cut interest rates.

Unfortunately, during a secular rising trend, cutting interest rates aren’t the solution. Worse still, falling rates ARE THE PROBLEM.  Adding QE and stimulus to rate cuts compounds an already bad situation.

Review

We have been unanimous in our view that the secular trend in interest rates is up rather than down and that increasing interest rates are good for the market.  Our view preceded the Federal Reserve’s policy of rate increases starting December 15, 2015.

  • “A single rate increase by the Federal Reserve in no way makes for a trend.  However, markets often lead the way and what initially seems “bizarre” is only a natural change in regime, a change that we haven’t seen since the early 1940’s (December 16, 2015.).”
  • “We’ve only included the point in the interest rate cycle that corresponds to the phase that we are entering, coming from an all-time low to an eventual all-time high (November 15, 2015.).”
  • “Investors anticipating a general rise in interest rates should feel some comfort in knowing that most manager(s) in the utility sector are ready for what is to come.  Rising interest rates are not an automatic death sentence for utility stock prices or earnings.   In fact, the early stages of rising interest rates may see utility stocks match or exceed the returns of non-interest rate sensitive stocks, on a total return basis.  Only when the outlook is cloudy will it become difficult to offer projections that are in line with prior expectations (September 4, 2014.).”

Current Rate Environment

As we have stated well before rates started to increase, in a secular rising trend in interest rates, going up will be good for stocks and the economy.  What this also means is that in a secular rising trend in interest rates, going down will be bad for stocks and the economy.  We have depicted the change below.

Rates Going Up

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Rates Going Down

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We have used the Daily 3-Month Treasury for one simple reason, when it goes up or down, the Federal Reserve ALWAYS follows.

Conclusion

The door has been closed on the rate cutting tool that the Federal Reserve has wielded like a force field against any perceived threat to the economy.  However, the reality is that we’re in a secular rising trend in interest rates. ANY additional stimulus (fiscal or monetary) should be looked upon as prolonging the problem rather than improving or fixing the problem.

Interest Rate Monitor: October 2019

On November 21, 2015, we said the following:

“While a Fed rate increase is what everyone is waiting for, history suggests that Fed policy  (government regulated) follows short-term Treasuries (market driven).”

We made the commentary because we saw that the 3-month Treasury rate was advancing higher.

Since that time, we’ve watched as the Federal Reserve Bank continues to followed the short-term market rates both up and down.  After the November 21, 2015 posting, we saw, in December 15, 2015, the Federal Reserve increase the Fed Funds Rate for the first time since June 29, 2006.  Again, the Fed Funds Rate increase followed the action of 3-month Treasury.

As with the rate increases in the 3-month Treasury followed by the Fed Funds Rate shortly thereafter, so too did we see the Fed Funds Rate decline after the 3-month Treasury reversed to the downside.  As we said in our April 23, 2019 posting:

“If the current run of stability in rates is anything like the period of 2015 to 2016, we should see a sharp drop in rates…”

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The chart above highlights the point of our April 23, 2019 claim relative to the actual rate activity that has followed.  Most important is the fact that Fed Funds Rate policy did not take place until four months after the peak in the 3-month Treasury.  Even after the rate decreased in July 2019, it was clear that the Fed would have to catch up for lost ground which is reflected in the September 18, 2019 rate cut.

Below are the targets that we have set for the 3-month Treasury which will be reflected, in direction only, with the Fed Funds Rate. Continue reading

Chart of the Day: New England Electric Systems

Below is the annual 52-week low for New England Electric Systems (NES) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, New England Electric Systems (NES) had a 52-week low range from $14.50 to $23.50.

Chart of the Day: Ohio Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Ohio Edison (OEC) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Ohio Edison (OE) had a 52-week low range from $12.75 to $27.87.

Chart of the Day: Consolidated Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Consolidated Edison (ED) from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Consolidated Edison (ED) had a 52-week low range from $22.00 to $30.63.

Chart of the Day: Montana Power

Below is the annual 52-week low for Montana Power (MTP) from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Montana Power (MTP) had a 52-week low range from $15.00 to $26.38.

Chart of the Day: Consolidated Edison

Below is the annual 52-week low for Consolidated Edison (ED) from 1958 to 1967.  We’ve also included the 3-month Treasury Bill as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the 3-month Treasury Bill increased from 1.77% to 4.31%.  Meanwhile, Consolidated Edison (ED) had a 52-week low range from $22.00 to $30.63.

Chart of the Day: Florida Power Corp.

Below is the annual 52-week low for Florida Power Corp. from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 2.42% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, Florida Power Corp. had a 52-week low range from $19 to $36.75.

Chart of the Day: Dome Mines

Below is the annual 52-week low for Dome Mines (DM) from 1960 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how gold mining stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 1.98% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, Dome Mines (DM) had a 52-week low range from $17.12 to $46.25.

Chart of the Day: American Electric Power

Below is the annual 52-week low for American Electric Power (AEP) from 1958 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how utility stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 2.42% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, American Electric Power (AEP) had a 52-week low range from $17.75 to $32.50.

Chart of the Day: Campbell Red Lake Mines

Below is the annual 52-week low for Campbell Red Lake Mines (CRK) from 1960 to 1968.  We’ve also included the Effective Fed Funds Rate as a comparison to show how gold mining stocks perform against the backdrop of rising interest rates.

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In this example, the Effective Fed Funds Rate increased from 1.98% to 6.02%.  Meanwhile, Campbell Red Lake Mines (CRK) had a 52-week low range from $9.63 to $24.00.

Chart of the Day: Inverted Yields from 1800 to 1965

Below is a chart of inverted yields of American bonds as published in Richard Russell’s Dow Theory Letters on May 25, 1965.  What is most conspicuous about this chart?  The overall trend of lower highs (yields) and lower lows (yields).

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Chart of the Day

Below is a chart of the Discount Rate from 1928 to 1943.  The point of this chart is to show that the restrictive rate policy from 1928 to 1929 saw the stock market and economy increase significantly.  Meanwhile, the easy money policy period from 1929 to 1943 were the most devastating for the U.S. economy and stock market.

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This is an ironic twist on the idea that if the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates then that should explain why the U.S. economy improved from 2009 to 2019.  Interest rate policy and the Fed’s role is not the reason the economy turns around.  This explains why Japan has not recovered from the 1990 bust as outlined in our article “The ‘Even Greater’ Depression of 1990 to 2019.”

The “Even Greater” Depression of 1990 to 2019

As the saying goes, “it is a recession when it happens to others and a depression when it happens to you.”

In the last “Great” Depression from 1929 to 1945, Americans were well aware of the pain and misery that was wrought on the nation.  There are even some who wrongly claim that the only reason the United States got out of the “Great” Depression was World War II.  Debates aside, below is a percentage change chart of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1929 to 1954, the period of time that it took for the index to get back to “break even.”

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There is no debate among the average American or Harvard economist about when the last “Great” Depression occurred in the United States.  However, when the exact same thing happens to one of our allies, it seem difficult for even the most esteem experts on the “Great” Depression to recognize the current depression simply because it isn’t happening to us.

That ally is Japan. To put our claim in context, we will show you the stock market of Japan as represented by the Nikkei 225 Index in exactly the same format as the Dow Jones Industrial Average above.

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Someone please tell us that what Japan is going through isn’t a depression. We use the stock market as the most accurate real-time reflection of the economy, politics, and social well being, which is nothing new to long-time readers of our work.

Let’s reflect for a moment, in Japan from 1989 to 2008:

  • interest rates have been in decline
  • quantitative easing has been applied
  • banks that were among the top 6 of 10 in 1989 are now either defunct or merged into each other

How is it possible, that a key measure of the health of a nation like Japan could suffer so much and not be recognized to be in an “Even Greater” Depression?

Look at the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1929 to 1954 again.  It took 25 years for the index to break even.  Now look at the Nikkei 225 Index, it has already been 29 years and the index is still –40% below the prior peak.

Let’s take a brief refresher course on what was said of Japan prior to the decline of 1990, this from the Dow Theory Letters as published by Richard Russell and dated May 12, 1989:

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Or how about the following, dated October 18, 1989:

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And this from November 29, 1989:

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And finally, this from April 5, 1989:

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It is not an uniquely American attribute to forget the past but to blithely walk past the “Even Greater” Depression within our midst while it impacts our ally is a brewing storm.

Investors, politicians, and citizens alike would do well to note the exact same (subtle and not so subtle) slights and invectives being lobbed around today.  Meanwhile, due diligence is necessary to first acknowledge the plight of an ally and act in the interest of both nations before it is too late.

Rates Up, Stocks Down? Nope!

There is a contingent of analysts and economists who stand in the way of progress in economic and financial understanding of how stock markets work.  One prevailing view is that the rise of interest rates is followed by a decline in the stock market.  Worse still, there is the belief that reducing interest rates is the Federal Reserve’s primary tool for dealing with slowing economic growth.

Below, we show how, in spite of a cyclical increase of the Federal Reserve’s discount rate, from early 1925 to mid-1929, the stock market defied modern analysts and economists claims.

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In the period from 1925 to 1929, the Federal Reserve embarked in a policy of increasing the discount rate.  Below is the performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Dow Jones Transportation Average in the period from 1925 to 1929.

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As we all know, the period that followed the peak in stock market in 1929 was declining interest rates and a subsequent stock market decline of nearly –90%. 

Were we biased in our selection of the data?  Absolutely!  We chose the cyclical (short-term) period for one of the most notorious stock market rises and declines and added the cyclical period of rising interest rates to prove a point. 

However, if you want to see how the stock market did during a secular (long-term) period of rising interest rates then see our posting titled “The False Narrative of Stocks and Interest Rates” published on January 7, 2019.

sources:

  • A.C. Miller. “Responsibility for Federal Reserve Policies: 1927-1929”. The American Economic Review. September 1935. pages 442-458. accessed 2/10/2019. JSTOR